Monstra marina & terrestria, quae passim in partibus aquilonis inueniuntur. One of the most famous charts of mythical sea monsters. Munster’s 1550 plate of monsters of both land and sea, taken from Olaus Magnus’ “Carta Marina” of 1539, with abundant tusks, horns and twin-spouts. One vignette shows a galleon trying to outrun one monster by throwing their cargo overboard, while one sailor takes sight with a musket. Ortelius also adapted many of the monsters from Magnus and Munster, for use on his map of Iceland in 1587.

Two different color schemes. I take it that the original was printed in black & white, and that people later colored everything in as they pleased.

See also: http://ww2.retronaut.com/2011/08/the-carta-marina-1539/